Well, as you might expect, thoughts lead to more thoughts. Last month, I posted a small squib about early graphics, and meeting Ivan Sutherland, and a few thoughts re Alan Kay and etc.
And then, my daughter and her husband went to Bogota, Colombia where his son is managing a small chocolate factory. And Jenny, at dinner, said, "Isn't Colombia the place that killed the Colorado carnation buisness?" And I had one of those 'senior moments' that resolved fortunately after a few minutes. And yes, it was Colombia that killed the Colorado cartel.
And, ironically, it was from flying to MIT to meet Ivan Sutherland that led me to a chance luncheon with Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert, Nick Negroponte, and a Colombian, Rodrico Arboleda Halaby. Here's a picture of those folk then, and NOW (two, sadly, have passed away).
The story, told briefly, is that I met Halaby some 17 years later (1982), and recalled his name from earlier, but had no idea what he was doing. Today, he is known as the long-time leader of the One Laptop per Child project, started by Nick Negroponte, his senior year room-mate (they were both architectural students at MIT). A little-known factoid is that the fabled Media Lab at MIT was started and led by Negroponte, IN THE ARCHITECTURAL SCHOOL, not the CS or EE schools. Whew! With Papert and Minsky's aid.
I asked him what he'd been doing (the Media Lab didn't yet exist until 1985, and the OLPC 3 years later) and he said he'd, among other things, started a cut-flower business in Colombia, and he proudly said he'd 'Broken the CO carnation cartel in 4 years". Irony of ironies--I not only knew the President of the CO Carnation Cartel (they called it an Association), I'd worked with him for 2 years on the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission 1970-1972.
I'd even had a nursery and greenhouse during that period, but we didn't grow carnations. 1,000 greenhouses, with 7.5 million square feet of glass, did grow carnations, and they controlled 85% of the carnation business in America. They'd built this over nearly 100 years, including starting FTD to have a distribution and delivery mechanism.
Halaby's senior professor in economics in 1965 asked the students to find a niche that was vulnerable to price dislocation, and Halaby found that these greenhouses used a huge amount of nateural gas for heating. High altitude Colorado, not well known, has like 330 days of sunshine along the Front Range (Denver and Colorado Springs, for example), and carnations need ultraviolet sunshine to thrive. So, with heat for the winter, almost the best US growing site for carnations.
Well, natural gas was regulated, to $0.10 per thousand cubic feet, from a 1945 Supreme Court case against Philips Petroleum, and there was noise that the cap might be removed. Estimates were that it would quadruple, to $0.40 per thousand cubic feet, which would put a big economic hit on the Assoc.
And he reasoned that Colombia, on the equator, didn't need heating, and also had low labor costs, low land costs, and good sunshine. But transportation? Well, when the third version of the DC-9 came out in 1969, the economics of small jets swamped out the DC-6 and DC-7 and those planes were 'practically free' to purchase. Moreover, jet fuel was now at a premium, and regular aviation fuel was at a glut, also very cheap.
Buy 6 planes, go to FTD, and offer 7 cents a dozen cheaper, and 18 hours fresher, and a full color palate.
Bingo. By 1980, a third of Colorado's greenhouses were gone; and 75% of those left had shifted to other flowers.
And I knew 'both sides' of the story. He didn't know the Colorado side, and they didn't know his. talk about serendipity.
By the way, I wound up years later running MediaX@Stanford, a knock-off in part of the Media Lab story, but I never again met most of the others in the picture from 1965. Colombia today has something like 60% of the worldwide cut-flower market, from carnations to roses to gladiolas and whatever. The entire Rocky Mountain region has less than 15%.